1. Surya Ahimsa, Jalan Kusuma Bangsa 80
2. Depot Harmonis, Jalan Kapasan 194/K
3. Depot Sehat, Jalan Pasar Besar 3
4. PAGODA, Jalan Undaan Besar 66A, Surabaya
5. Surya Vegeratian, Jalan Ngagel Jaya Selatan, 154
6. RM Hongkong, Komplek Pertokoan Darmo Park II
7. Blok 22, Jalan Mayjend Sungkono Surabaya

1. Lontong Balap Jalan Gubernur Suryo (Dekat Kantor Pos)
2. LOntong Balap Rajawali
3. Lontong Balap Garuda, Jalan Kranggan
4. Lontong Balap Ria, Jalan Kombes M Duryat
5. Lontong Balap Jalan Kepanjen ( In front of SMP N 2 Surabaya)
6. Lontong Balap Jalan Raya Gubeng Kertajaya XV
7. Lontong Balap Patua, Jalan Patua in front of STM Negeri 1
8. Lontong Balap Gubeng (Jalan Raya Gubeng , in front of BNI)
9. Pasar Blauran

In 2003, UNESCO stipulated that wayang is world heritage from Indonesia. Wayang as the oldest original culture from Indonesia was mentioned in history sources such as inscriptions.

Wayang is one of Indonesia’s most prominent cultures among other cultures. Wayang consists of art of acting, singing, music, oral, literature, painting, carving, and symbol. Wayang culture evolves from generation to generation, as  information media, missionary endeavour, education, entertainment and philosophy comprehension.

Wayang is Indonesia’s original culture, especially from Java Island. Wayang existence had been in Indonesia for centuries, before Hindu came to Java, though the story of wayang popular in society was adapted from Hindi culture, Ramayana and Mahabarata. Both main stories have changed and added adapted to Indonesia original philosophy.

The philosophy adjustment concept is related to Javanese philosophy to gods position in wayang world. Gods in wayang tale are not free from sin, but also as other creatures of God, sometimes they do wrong things and also they forget. Punakawan characters were created deliberately by Javanese humanist to strengthen philosophy concept that in this world there is no one who is 100 % good heart and soul and no one is 100% evil. Every creature has good and bad side.

In  Bijdrage tot de Kennis van het Javaansche Tooneel(1897), a dissertation by  Dr. GA.J. Hazeau, wayang was the culture of Javanese. He wrote that Wayang was walulang linukir (carved leather) that was seen its shadow from screen.  Wayang mentioned was wayang kulit that we recognize today.

There are two opinions about the history of wayang. First opinion, wayang was originally born in Java, notably in East Java. This opinion was stated by researchers and experts from Indonesia and also from western countries. Among experts stated this opinion were Hazeau, Brandels, Kats, Tentse and Kruyt. They have strong reasons, one of them is that wayang art was very closely related to Indonesian socio cultural and religion, especially with Javanese. Punokawan characters, important characters in wayang, Semar, Gareng, Petruk, Bagong are only exist in Indonesian wayang, and their names derive from old Javanese.

The second opinion is that wayang came fron India and taken by Hindi traders to Indonesia with their Hindu religion. Experts stated this were Pischel, Hidding, Krom, poensen, Goslings and Rassers. Since 1950s wayang books says that wayang came from Java and was not imported from other countries.

Wayang is estimated to be born in the period of King Airlangga, king of Kahuripan (976-1012) a kingdom in East Java. Play for wayang was written by poet from Java since 10th century such as Ramayana Kakawin in Old Javanese language in the period of King Dyah Balitung (989-910), written adapted from Ramayana written by Walmiki from India. Later Javanese poet wrote the tale not only translated it but also retold it with Javanese philosophies. For instance Arjunawiwaha Kakawin by Empu Kanwa was written from Mahabharata. Or Bharatayudha kakawin written by Empu Sedah and Empu panuluh. Those masterpieces were written in the period of King Jayabaya, king of Kediri (1130-1160)

Wayang is a performance that is popular since king Airlangga period. There are few inscriptions mentions about ‘mawa yang’ and ‘aringgit’ mean wayang show. According to Ir, Sri Mulyono, in his book Simbolisme dan Mistikisme dalam Wayang (1979), wayang was already exist since Neolithic period, or 1500 BC. This opinion was based on the writing of Robert von Heine-Geldern PhD, ‘Prehistoric in The Netherland Indie’ (1945) and by Prof K A H Hidding in Ensiklopedia Indonesia.

Wayang derives from word ‘wewa yangan’ means shadow. This was estimated according to the fact that wayang kulit uses kelir or screen where dalang can play wayang and audience can see from the other side. Audience can see the moves of wayang from its shadow through screen. In the past, wayang was only accompanied by simple gamelan instrument consists of saron, todung and kemanak. And it was estimated that sinden (singer) was not included accompanying wayang show.

To create more Javanese in wayang culture, since the early period of Majapahit Kingdom, introduced other wayang stories that were not sourced from Ramayana and Mahabharata. Since then also known Panji tale, believed as the ancestors of Majapahit kings. Panji tale later was used in Wayang Beber show. Tradition to javanize wayang story was also maintained by Islam ullemas, Wali Songo. They start to characterize kings of Majapahit, such as Dhamarwulan story into wayang.

Islam entered Indonesia since 15th century and gave big influence to wayang tradition especially for religion and philosophy of wayang. In the 15th century, in the period of Demak Kingdom, oil lamp (blencong) was started to use in wayang show. Since kartasura period, wayang story  based on Ramayana and Mahabarata was getting farther from the original story. Since then wayang lovers knew the pedicree of wayang characters, including the gods characters that began from Prophet Adam. The pedigree then continued until Java kings and later known a standard of wayang story or pakem. Standard of wayang should follow the standard story and wayang carangan is wayang outside the standard story. Also known lakon sempalan, wayang story class that is very far from the pakem or standard.

As wayang is closely related to Indonesia culture, then there are ambiguities about wayang story, legend and history. If Hindi consider Mahabharata and Ramayana are from India, Javanese also consider wayang tales really happened in Java.

In Kulonprogo, wayang is liked by the society, not only by old generation but also by teenagers and children love to watch wayang show.

This ketchup is very popular among Surabaya food sellers. You can find bakso, mi goreng, nasi goreng, sate, lontong balap food stalls use this ketchup. People know this ketchup jeruk. Ketchup Cap Jeruk Pecel Tulen factory was built in Hwan Kieng Hien with his wife in 1937, this factory evolved since operated by second feneration, Hwan Hong Piek, and Hwang Hong Poen. This second generation put a tagline on the package ‘Kita Tanggung, Kalau Tidak Enak Boleh Kirim Kembali’ (Guaranteed Quality, If It is no Good, You can return it). Now this factory is directed by Handoko as the third generation, he maintains the original recipe and ingredients.

This factory is located at Sidonipah Street, a narrow isle where everyday can be seen people busy working from am to pm. Approximately 5 meters from the isle gate, there is a large room divided into 3 rooms.  The first room is used to cook ketchup, where there are 3 earthen fireplace to cook soya been and coconut sugar in a big jar. Two employees were in charge for this cooking, they collect the foam from the soya bean and remove it. The second room is used to clean ketchup botol. The third room is used to package the ketchup in bottle.

All employees are women and very skillful. Packaging is very traditional, and the brand is attached to the bottle manually. The owner said that this simple brand label was once imitated by other ketchup factory. His customers told him that they bought different taste of kethcup with same brand. But when inspected carefully, the brand is different and it has different address.

To maintain the quality, the owner uses the same ingredient from the first generation. For instance the coconut sugar is supplied from Banyuwangi and Sumenep as the first generation. This product is sold to outside Java, such as Nusa Tenggara Timur and Nusa Tenggara Barat.

The production starts daily from 07.00 to 15.00. This product was known as madiun product but nowadays this became the icon of Surabaya for its factory location.

Ketchup Jeruk brand is very easy to remember. The label has two men picture. The picture is the father of current director with his brother. This label sets the product from others, guaranteed quality, and loved by its customers.

Bawean is similar like Lombok Island, it has few small island nearby, few can be crossed by boat and few can be crossed on foot when tide is low.

Coral reef is Bawean is better in condition that other parts of Indonesia. Located 81 miles from Gresik Port makes this Island still pristine enough, beside locals fish with traditional fishing technique. As the water is very clear, in  few pats coral reef can be seen from sea surface. The variety of coral reef in Bawean is like Taman Laut Bunaken in Sulawesi. That’s why Bawean is suitable for diving and snorkeling lovers. According to research conducted by LIPI Research, Bawean sea population is rich of coral reef, fish and other sea flora.

On the east of Bawean island, there is Gili Island, on the South is Selayar Island, Noko Island, Menuri Island, and Beci Island, On the west is Nusa Island, BIrang birang island, Tanjung Cina Island and on the north west is Kaangbilla island.

Mataram Kingdom was established in 1582, the centrum of the kingdom was located on the south east of Yogyakarta, Kotagede. In Islam history, Mataram Islam KIngdom had a pivotal role in Islam kingdoms in Indonesia. Ullema were involved as well in developing culture with Islam value in Java. Mataram Islam dynasty was initially from farmer family, as written in babad Tanah Jawi. On the bank of Opak river, currently Yogyakarta.  Oneday, there was a farmer, his name was Ki Ageng Giring. When he hacked the soil in his fam land, suddenly there was a young coconut fell and there was a mysterious sound said ‘ whoever drank water of this coconut, his descendant will be the rulers of Java’. People belief that the coconut water was the word of Sunan Kalijaga. Ki Ageng Giring brought the coconut home and but he did not drink the water, as he was fasting that day. He went to river to clean himself. Not long after his friend, Ki Gede Pemanahan visited his empty house. Seeing the coconut, he drank the water till the last drop. Ki Ageng Giring came home and home and saw his coconut water was drank by his friend. He asked Gede Pemanahan that after his 7  generation, his descendant will be the ruler of Java.

There are other versions about the establishment of Mataram according to myth and legend. Generally, those versions were related to previous kingdoms sucha s Demak and Pajang. According to one of the versions, after Demak  sat back, the capital was moved to pajang and Pajang functioned as a kingdom. The kingdom then expanded to East Java and involved in a family conflict with ARya Penangsang from Jipang Panolan regency. After conquering Aryo Penangsang, Sultan Hadiwijaya (1550-1582), king of Pajang gave award to 2 men who served him in that project, they were Ki Ageng Pemanahan and Ki Penjawi. Ki Ageng Penjawi was awarded with Mentaok forest and Ki Penjawi was awarded with a land in Pati. Pemanahan opened Mentaok forest and became a prosperous village, and gradually became small kingdom and was ready for rivalry with Pajang as the main Kingdom. Pemanahan died in 1575 and replaced by his son, Danang Sutawijaya or known as Pengeran Ngabehi Loring Pasar. Sutawijaya then rebelled Pajang. After Sultan Hadiwijaya passed away in 1582, Sutawijaya promoted himself as the king of Mataram with title Panembahan Senopati. Pajang then became part of Mataram, and the capital of Mataram was in Kotagede.

After Demak Kingdom fell, Pajang Kingdom was the olny kingdom in Central Java. But king of Pajang had strong enemies tried to ruin the kingdom, he is Aryo Penangsang. The king then made a contest that whoever could defeat of kill Aryo Penangsang would be rewarded with land in Pati and Mataram. Ke Ageng pemanahan and Ki Penjawi were two soldiers of Pajang who were intended to participate in the contest. In the end of the war, finally Danang Sutawijaya could defeat and kill Arya Penangsang. Sutawijaya was the son of Ki Pemanahan and the foster son of Pajang king. As Sutawijaya was the foster son of Sultan, so it was impossible for Ki Pemanahan to tell Sultan Adiwijaya. Kyai Juru Martani then suggested Ke Pemanahan and Ki penjawi to tel Sultan that they both who killed Arya Penangsang. Ki Ageng Pemanahan was rewarded with Mentaok forest and Ki Penjawi was rewarded with land in Pati.

After panembahan Senopati died, he was replaced by his son, Mas Jolang or Panembahan Seda Krapyak, who only reigned for 12 years (1601-1603) as written in his govt, and he built Danalaya garden on the west of Kraton. He died when he hunt at Krapyak forest. He was replaced by Mas Rangsang, known as Sultan Agung Hanyakrakusuma. He ruled from 1631-1645 and Mataram reached its glorious day. The capital, Kotagede was then moved to Kraton Plered. Sultan Agung also conquered littoral regions so they would not harm Mataram. Sultan Agung fought VOC that ruled over Batavia. Sultan Agung masterpiece was Grebeg Pasa and Grebeg Maulud Ritual. Sultan Agung died in 1645. He was replaced by Amangkurat I. Amangkurat I did not inherited his father nature. There were lots of killing and cruelty during his period. Mataram capital was moved to Kerta. In 1674 Trunajaya war broke. Trunajaya was supported by ullema and noble class a. nd even the royal prince. Kerta fell and Amangkurat I (with his son that finally on his side), escaped to get help from VOC. Arriving at Tegal Arum (nearby Tegal, Central Java), Amangkurat I fell sick and died. He was replaced by his son, Amangkurat II or known as Sunan Amral. Sunan Amangkurat II reigned from 1677-1703, and he was obedient to VOC to maintain his throne. Finally Trunojoyo could kill AMangkurat II by favor of VOC and as compensation VOC wanted an agreement that Mataram should hypothecate Semarang Port and Mataram should bear war cost.

After the death of Amangkurat II in 1703, he was replaced by his son, Sunan Mas (Sunan Amangkurat III). He was also against VOC, that VOC did not agree Sunan Amangkurat III was promoted as sultan and VOC promoted Paku Buwono I (Pangeran Puger). Civil was could not be avoided, between Amangkurat III and Paku Buwana I, Amangkurat III lost and he was exiled to Sailan by VOC. Paku Buwono I died in 1719 and then replaced by Amangkurat IV (1719-1727). During his period particians rebelled and VOC was implicated. Therefore,  throne fight II broke in  1719-1723. Sunan Prabu or Sunan Amangkurat IV died in 1727 and replaced by Paku Buwana II (1727-1749). In his period, Chinese rebelled against VOC.

Paku Buwana II was on side of Chinese and helped to destroy VOC fortress in Kartasura. VOC was supported by Panembahan Cakraningrat of Madura and could finish Chinese rebellion. Paku Buwana was worried and then he change to side VOC> THis caused Raden Mas Garendi rebellion who fought with Chinese to attack Keraton, that Paku Buwana II escaped to Ponorogo. Kraton could be regained by the assistance of VOC in 1743, as kraton was damaged badly, then kraton was moved to Surakarta in 1744. Another rebellion was led by Raden Mas Said. Paku Buwono assigned Mangkubumi to silence the rebellion and promised Sukowati (currently Sragen). Although Mangkubumi could finish his call, Paku Buwono denied his promise and finally Mangkubumi was on Mas Said side. They both rebelled in Throne Fight III (1747-1755)

Paku Buwono II could not fight both forces and he fell sick and died in 1749. VOC promoted Paku Buwono II. Mangkubumi kept his action and he could reign Jogja, bagelen, and Pekalongan. But in that period there was a conflict between Mangkubumi and Mas Said. VOC was very keen knowing this. VOC sent an arabic messenger from batavia to asked Mangkubumi to reconcile. Mangkubuni accepted and there was a Pailhan Nagari or Giyanti Agreement in 1755. Giyanti Agreement content was splitting Mataram into two. The west was given to Mangkubumi entitled as Hamengkubuwono I and the palace was in Yogyakarta. The east was given to Paku Buwono. Since then, Mataram was divided into two, Kasultanan Yogyakarta with the king was Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I and Kasunanan Surakarta reigned by Sri Susuhunan Paku Buwana III.

Kings of Mataram Islam:
1. Panembahan Senopati (1584-1601 M)
2. Mas Jolang atau Seda Ing Krapyak (1601- 1613 M)
3. Mas Rangsang / Sultan Agung Hanyakrakusuma (1613-1646 M)
4. Amangkurat I (1646- 1676 M)
5. Amangkurat II / Sunan Amral (1677- 1703 M)
6. Sunan Mas / Amangkurat III in 1703 M
7. Pangeran Puger / Paku Buwana I (1703-1719 M)
8. Amangkurat IV /  Sunan Prabu (1719-1727 M)
9. Paku Buwana II (1727-1749 M)
10. Paku Buwana III  1749 M promoted by VOC.
11. Sultan Agung

Pajang and Mataram Islam Kingdom was very limited. The source was part of chronicle text, or oral tradition. The source was also from Portuguese in 16th and beginning of 17th century and only partly touch events on littoral areas, whether trading or about kingdoms. Therefore, mostly Mataram history source was only based on domestic source.

Wali Songo are saints disseminated Islam in Indonesia especially in Java Island. They lived on the northern coast of Java from 15th century until the mid of 16th century in Surabaya-Gresik-Lamongan in East Java and Demak-Kudus-Muria in Central Java and Cirebon in West Java.

They were  intellectual and  reformer in society in their period. They introduced new civilization: health, farming, trading, culture, arts, and government science. Ampel Denta and Giri Moslem Boarding school were two education institution in Indonesia. Sunan Giri and Sunan Gunung Jati were not only ullema but also government leader. Sunan Giri, Bonang and Kalijaga and Kudus were arts creator and their influenced can still be felt until today. Sunan Muria was the companion of proletariat. Wali Songo era ended Hindu-Budda domination in Indonesia culture and replaced with Islam culture. They are symbol of Islam dissemination in Indonesia, especially in Java. There were other figures involved, only their roles were dominating in erecting Islam kingdoms in Jana, and they put influence in culture to society and they directly propagate Islam that their name were known better. Maulana Balik Ibrahim was the doctor of Majapahit Hindu Kingdom, Sunan Giri known was called as Pope from East by colonialist, Sunan Kailjaga created arts that Islam can be comprehend by Hindu and Budha society. Perhaps most people define wali songo as 9 saints, but there were long history about wali songo with few phases.

First Phase of Wali Songo
Islam has become a religion in Indonesia especially in Java, but i that period only limited to traders married to locals staying nearby harbors. Majapahit and pajajaran Kingdom were very strong, and they were Hindu. This situation was heard by Sultan Muhammad I, who ruled Turk. He then sent message to Islam kingdom in north Africa and Middle East.  He asked ullema to disseminate Islam in Java. The message was responded well, and there were 9 ullemas with good Islam knowledge. In 808 H or 1404, those ullemas went to Java. They were;

1. Maulana Malik Ibrahim, from Turk. He disseminated Islam in East Java, he died in Gresik in 1419. He was buried one km from Gresik cement factory.

2. Maulana Ishak came from Samarqand (nearby Bukhara-South Russia). He was a doctor and after his duty in Java finished he moved to Pasai and died there.

3. Maulana Ahmad Jumadil Kubra came from Egypt, he itinerant disseminated Islam and died in Troloyo Mojokerto, Trowulan, East Java.

4. Maulana Muhammad Al Maghrobi, was from Maghrib or Morocco, he did itinerant propagation , died in 1465 and buried in Jatinom, Klaten , Central Java.

5. Maulana Malik Isroil came from Turk, he was an expert of Government science, died in 1435 and his grave is located in Gunung Santri.

6. Maulana Muhammad Ali Akbar came from Persia (Iran), he was a doctor, died in 1435 and buried in Gunung Santri.

7. Maulana Hasanuddin came from Palestine, died in 1462 and his grave is located in Banten.

8. Maulana Alayuddin came from Palestine, died in 1462 and his grave is nest to mosque of banten Lama.

9. Syekh Subakir came from Persia and he was an expert of rukyah for places with ghosts. He got rid of ghosts and the neutral lands were built moslem boarding school. He returned to Persia in 1462 and died 1462 and died there. One of his follower was buried on the north of Blitar bathing place. There is sajaddah made of old stone there.

Second Phase of Walisongo
In this phase, there were two wali replaced 2 wali who died. They are:
1. Raden Ahmad Ali Rahmatullah, came to Javain 1421 replaced Malik Ibrahim who died in 1419. raden Ahmad came from Campa, South of Muang Thai.

2. Sayyid Ja’far Shodiq came from palestine replaced Malik Isro’il who died in 1435. He lived in Kudus and known as Sunan Kudus.

3. Syarif Hidayatullah, came from Palestine came to Java in 1436 replaced Maulana Ali Akbar who died in 1435.

Meeting of Walisongo was held at Ampel, Surabaya. All wali shared assignment. Sunan Ampel, Maulana Ishaq and Maulana Jumadil Kubro were assigned in East Java. Sunan Kudus, Syekh Subakir and Maulana Al Maghrobi were assigned in Central Java, Syarif Hidayatullah, Maulana Hasanudin and Maulana Aliyudin were assigned in West Java.

Third Phase of Walisongo
In 1463 M, there were 4 wali became the member of Walisongo
1. Raden Paku or Syekh Maulana Ainul Yaqin was born in Blambangan, East Java, the son of Syekh Maulana Ishak that married to the daughter of Blambangan KIngdom, Dewi Sekardadu or Dewi Kasiyan. Raden paku replaced his father and moved to Pasai. As Raden Paku lived in Giri, he then known as Sunan Giri, and his grave is located in Gresik, East Java.

2. Raden Said or Sunan Kalijaga was born in Tuban East Java, the son of Adipati Wilwatika of Tuban. Sunan Kalijaga replaced Syekh Subakir who returned to Persia.

3. Raden Makdum Ibrahim or Sunan Bonang, replaced Maulana Hasanuddin who died in 1462. This meeting was held also in Surabaya.

The Fourth Phase of  Wali Songo
In 1466, there were 2 wali replaced two wali who died:

1. Raden Fattah (Raden Patah)
Raden Patah was the student of Sunan Ampel, the son of King Brawijaya from Majapahit. On 1462, he was promoted as Adipati Bintoro and built Masjid Demak in 1465 and in 1468 he was officially the sultan of Demak.

2. Fathullah Khan was the son of Sunan Gunungjati, he was chosen as the member of Walisongo to replace his father who was old.

The Fifth Phase of Walisongo
In this phase, there were two members, Raden Umar Said the son of Sunan Kalijaga who passed away. Syekh Siti Jenar or Syekh Lemah Abang was one of Walisongo members but as later he taught things that made people anxious then he was punished dead.  Siti Jenar was replaced by Sunan Bayat, the former Adipati of Semarang (Ki Pandanarang) the student of Sunan Kalijaga.

MAULANA MALIK IBRAHIM

Maulana Malik Ibrahim or  Makdum Ibrahim As-Samarkandy was estimated to be born in Samarkand, in muddle Asia, in the mid of 14th century. According to chronicle of Babad tanah Jawi, Meinsma version, Samarkandy was called as Asmarakandy, as it was ueasy pronunce by Javanese. Maulana Malik Ibrahim sometimes was called as Syekh Maghribi. People also called him as Kakek Bantal. He was the brother of Maulana Ishak, well-known ullema from Samudra pasai, the father of Sunan Giri or Raden Paku. Ibrahim and Ishak were the son of Persian Ullema, Maulana Jumadil Kubro living in Samarkand. Maulana Jumadil Kubro was believed to be the 10th descent of Sayyidina Husein, Muhammad SAAS grandson. Maulana Malik Ibrahim ever lived in Campa, now Cambodia, for 13 years since 1379. He married to daughter of king and had 2 sons, Raden Rahmad or Sunan Ampel and Sayid Ali Murtadha or  Raden Santri. After finishing his mission in that country, in 1392 Maulana Malik Ibrahim went to Java, he left his family, according to a version he went to Java with few fellows. He first went to Sembalo village, part of Majapahit. sembalo village is currently Leran village, Manyar 9 km from Gresik.  His first activity was trading by opening a stall. He sold cheap basic daily needs. Malik Ibrahim also healed locals for free. As traditional healer, he was also invited by king to heal his wife who came from Champa. Probably she was the relative of king’s wife. Mbah Bantal also taught how to do farming and he was close to the lowest kasta in Majapahit. He built a boarding achool in Leran, and in 1419 he passed away. His grave is located at Gapura village, Gresik, East Java.

SUNAN AMPEL

He was the son of Maulana Malik Ibrahim. According to Babad Tanah Jawi chronicle and pedigree of Sunan Kudus, in his childhood, he was known as Raden Rahmat. He was born in Campa in 1401. Ampel name derived from place or village where he lived, in Ampel Denta, part of Surabaya. Few versions say that Sunan Ampel entered Java in 1443 with Sayid Ali Murtadho, his brother. In 1440, before he went to Java, they stopped by at palembang. After 3 years in Palembang, they arrived in Gresik. He then proceed to Majapahit to meet his auntie, a princess from Champa, Dwarawati, who married to king of Majapahit, Prabu Sri Kertawijaya. Sunan Ampel married to a daughter of Adipati Tuban, and he had several sons and daughters, such as Sunan Bonang and Sunan DRajat. When Demak Sultanate (25 km from Kudus) was established, Sunan Ampel was involved the erection of the first Islam kingdom in Java. He appointed his student, Raden patah, son of Brawijaya V, king of Majapahit to be the sultan of Demak in 1475. Ampel, a swamp region was given by king of Majapahit to Sunan Ampel and built boarding school. In the mid of 15th century, the school became center of education in Indonesia and vicinity. Sunan Giri and Raden Patah are two of the students. Students then appointed to disseminate Islam in Java and Madura. Sunan Ampel followed Hanafi Mazhab, yet his students were only given simple lessons in aqidah and ibadah. He introduced MoLIMO term (moh main, moh ngombe, moh maling, moh madat, moh madon), motto to avoid gambling, drinking, stealing, using drug and adultery. Sunan Ampel died in 1481 in Demak and buried on the west of Masjid Ampel in Surabaya.

SUNAN GIRI

His childhood name was Raden paku, or Muhammad Ainul Yakin. Sunan Giri was born in Blambangan (now Banyuwangi) in 1442. He was also known as Jaka Samudra. His latter mentioned name was related to a name from his childhood of being thrown away by his mother family, Dewi Sekardadu to the ocean (Samudra).

Raden Pake was adopted by Nyai Semboja, according to Meinsma Babad Tanah Jawi. His father Maulana Ishak, was the brother of Maulana Malik Ibrahim. Maulana Ishak could make his wife to convert Islam, but not his parents in law. He then left his family to Samudra Pasai. When he was young, he studied in his cousin boarding school, Sunan Ampel, where Raden Patah also did.He also went to Malaka and Pasai as well. Later he opened new boarding school on hills in Sidomukti village, south of Gresik. IN Javanese hills is Giri then later he is known as Sunan Giri. His boarding school was not only used as education center but also means to develop locals. King of Majapahit worried that Sunan Giri would rebel so he gave him more authority. The boarding school evolved as one of the center of power known as Giri Kedhaton. As the leader Sunan Giri also called as Prabu Satmata. Giri Kedhaton flourished to be politics center in Java in that period. When Raden Patah quit to be part of Majapahit, Sunan Giri was appointed as the adviser and general of Demak Sultanate.  Sunan Giri was also recognized as the highest religion leader in Java. Giri Kedhaton could survive for 200 years, one of the predecessor was Pangeran Singosari, known as fighter against VOC and Amangkurat II in the 18th century. All students in Giri school were also known as Islam propagator in other islands such as Bawean, Kangean, Haruku, Ternate, to Nusa Tenggara. Islam missionaries were also went to South Sulawesi, they are Datuk Ribandang and his friends, who were the students of Sunan Giri from Minangkabau. Sunan Giri was known to have good Fiqh knowledge, people called him as Sultan Abdul Fakih. He created arts, children games, sucha s Jelungan, Jamuran, Ilir ilir, and cublak cublak suweng. He also created Asmaradana and Pucung,Javanese tradition with Islam nuance.

SUNAN BONANG

Sunan Bonang was the son of Sunan Ampel, the grandson of Maulana Malik Ibrahim. His childhood name was Raden Makdum Ibrahim. He was born in 1465, his mother was Nyi Ageng Manila, daughter of Adipati Tuban. Sunan Bonang studied religion from his father Sunan Ampel. After he grew up, he disseminated Islam all over Java. He went to Kediri that the majority of the inhabitants were Hindu. He built  Masjid Sangkal Daha. He settled in Bonang a small vilklage in Lasem, Central Java, 15 km from Rembang. He built zawiyah and a boarding school , Watu Layar. He later was known as the imam of Demak Sultanate and even the general. Still, Sunan Bonang went to difficult and remote places in Tuban, pati, Madura and Bawean. He died in this island in 1525, and then buried in Tuban next to Masjid Agung after Bawean and Tuban  fought for his corpse. Unlike Sunan Giri who introduced assertive Fiqh, Sunan Bonang blended ahlussunah with tasawuf style to ortodox salafiah. He mastered Fiqh, Usuludin, Tasawuf, Arts, Literature and Architecture. Locals knew him as expert to find water source in barren regions. Sunan bonag teachings was about love philosophy, similar that of Jallaludin Tumi. According to Bonang, love is same as iman /faith, intuitive knowledge and obedient to Allah SWT or has al yaqqin. His teaching was conveyed popularly through arts media that are loved by people. Sunan Bonang hand in hand with his students Sunan Kalijaga blend Islam teaching and arts and traditions. Sunan Bonang created few masterpieces one of them is Suluk Wijil influenced by Al Shidiq book by Abu Sa’id Al Khayr from 9th century. Sunan Bonang also created Gemalan Java music that was very influenced with Hindu culture, he created the recent Gamelan Jawa and he invent bonang instrument in gamelan. His masterpiece had dzikir nuance to create love to transcendental life. Tombo Ati song was also one of his songs. IN wayang performance, Sunan Bonang was a very good dalang and he loved to create play with Islam nuance. War between Pandawa and Kurawa was then translated as war between nafi (negation) and isbah (affirmation)

SUNAN DRAJAT

His childhood name was Raden Qasim, the son of Sunan Ampel, the brother of Sunan Bonang. Sunan Drajat title was Raden Syaifuddin, and born in 1470. Sunan Drajat was assigned by his father to preach on the coastal of Gresik through sea. He was then arrived in Jelog village(currently Lamongan). One year later Suna  Drajat moved 1 km southward and established Dalem Duwur, currently known as Drajat village, Paciran Lamongan. He taught with tauhid and aqidah method, as his father did and did not employ traditional culture. He used Suluk art and he created few suluk, such as Suluk advice ‘ give stick to the blind/give food to the hungry people/give cloth to naked people. Sunan Drajat was well known as a humble person and very helpful. He had many orphans and poor people in his house.

SUNAN GUNUNG JATI

There are numerous non sense story related to Sunan Gunung Jati, one of then was his spiritual trip, like Isra Mi’raj and met Rasullulah Saas, Prophet Khidir, and received testament from Solomon. Those stories showed how amazed people to Sunan Gunung Jati. Sunan Gunung Jati or Syarif Hidayatullah was born in 1448.His mother was Nyai Rara Santang, daughter of Pajajaran King, Raden Manah Rarasa. His father was Sultan Syarif Abdullah Maulana Huda, Egipt officials from Hasyim tribe from Palestine. Syarif HIdayatullah learned religion since he was 14 years from Egypt ullema. He traveled to various countries.

He then establish sultanate in Cirebon  known as Pakungwati Sultanate after Demak Sultanate was established. Sunan Gunung Jati was the only walisongo led a government. Sunan Gunung Jati used his power as son of King Pajajaran to disseminate Islam frm Cirebon littoral to Sunda or Priangan. He convert middle east style of preaching. But he also approached locals by building infrastructure , roading to connect regions. With his son Maulana Hasanuddin, Sunan Gunung Jati did expedition to Banten. Local ruler, Pucuk Umum, voluntarily gave his region and later became Banten Sultanate. When he was 89 years old, Sunan Gunung Jati resigned from his position and only only preached. He gave his authority to Pangeran pasarean. In 1568, Sunan Gunung Jati died in the age of 120 years, in Cirebon (formerly Carbon). He was buried in Gunung Sembung, Gunung Jati, 15 km from Cirebon city.

SUNAN MURIA

He was the son of Sunan Kalijaga with Dewi Saroh, sister of Sunan Giri and the son of Syekh Maulana Ishak. His childhood name was Raden Prawoto. Muria name was used as he lived on the slope of Gunung Muria, 18 km north of Kudus. His teaching was like his father, Sunan Kalijaga only he loved to live in a remote place to spread Islam. He mingled with proletariat, taught farming, trading and  fishing was one of his hobbies. Sunan Muria often asked to be intermediary in an internal conflict in Demak Sultanate (1518-1530). He was known as a person could solve the most difficult problem and solution he suggested could be accepted by both partied. Sunan Muria preached in Jepara, Tayu, Juana to Kudus and Pati. He created songs such as Sinom and Kinanti.

SUNAN KUDUS

His childhood name was Jaffar Shadiq. He was the son of Sunan Ngudung with Syarifah the sister of Sunan Bonang, Nyi Ageng Maloka. Sunan Ngudung was one of Sultan sons in Egypt ad traveled to Java. In Demak he was promoted as commander. Sunan Kudus studied from Sunan Kalijaga. And he traveled to various barren regions in Central Java such as Sragen, Simo to Gunungkidul. He followed the approach Sunan Kalijaga used to  preach, very tolerant to local culture. He was very gentle in preaching, he used also the symbol if Hindu and Buddha in his method. This can be seen from the architecture of Masjid Kudus. The same of the minaret, gate and tap were HIndu Buddha building style. Sunan Kudus was very compromised. Oneday he persuaded people to go to mosque by his tabligh. For that he put his cow, Kebo Gumarang, on the mosque yard. Hindu people who worshipped cow became sympathy, moreover when they listened to Sunan Kudus explanation about Al Baqarah verses means female cow. Until today, Kudus people refused to slaughter cow. Sunan Kudus also created tauhid fictions. He made the story in series, that people were interested to know the sequels. This approach is similar that of 1001 nights story in Abbasiyah Caliphate. Sunan Kudus created a close bound to locals and he was also the commander of Demak Sultanate. He was involved when Demak was in war with Adipati Jipang, Arya penangsang, led by Sultan Prawata.

SUNAN KALIJAGA

He was the most mentioned wali by Javanese. He was born in 1450, his father was Arya Wilwatikta, Tuban regent, descendant of Majapahit rebel, Ronggolawe. Arya Wilwatikta was estimated to convert moslem already. His childhood name was Raden Said. His other names were Lokajaya, Syekh Malaya, Pangeran Tuban or Raden Abdurrahman. There are few version about Kalijaga name derives from. Cirebon people said that Sunan Kalijaga lived in Cirebon and was very close to Sunan Gunung Jati. Javanese related his hobby to soak in river (kali) or jaga kali. But there was a term from arab, qadli dzaqa refers to his holy status as holy prince. He lived until more than 100 years that he was still alive in the end of Majapahit empire in 1478, the end of Demak sultanate, and Cirebon and banten Sultanate, even Pajang Kingdom established in 1546 and the beginning of Mataram Kingdom led by Panembahan Senopati. He was involved in designing Masjid Agung Cirebon and Masjid Agung Demak. The ‘tatal’  pillar  was one of main pillars of the mosque and the creation of Sunan Kalijaga. He was the mentor and close friend of Sunan Bonang. He followed Sufism with salaf base, not Pantheistic Sufism. He prefered arts and culture as media to preach. He was very tolerant to local culture and tradition. His opinion was that society would be distance if their principles attacked. They should be approached gradually. Sunan kalijaga believed that if Islam was comprehended, they would leave the old habit. Suna Kalijaga may look liek syncretism in introducing Islam. He used carving arts, wayang, gamelan, sekaten celebration, grebeg maulud, layang kalimasada, and play Petruk Dadi Raja. City landscape with kraton, alun-alun with banyan trees and mosque was estimated to be crated by Sunan Kalijaga. His  teaching method was effective for Javanese. Most of Javanese converted Islam by Sunan Kalijaga, such as  Adipati Pandanaran, Kartasura, Kebumen, Banyumas, and  Pajang. Sunan Kalijaga was buried in Kadilangu village, Demak.

Pajang was region of former Majapahit kingdom. Jaka Tingkir, son of Kebo Kenanga or Ki Ageng Pengging. Ki Ageng Pengging was the regent of Pengging. After civil war in Demak, Jaka Tingkir became the third party to bridge the conflict. After the death of Parwoto and Kalinyamat, Jaka Tingkir asked KI Ageng Panjawi, Ki Ageng Pemanahan, Ngabei Loring Pasar, Juru Martani to attack Arya Penangsang. After the victory, Demak authority was moved to pajang and led by Jaka Tingkir or Hadiwijaya. Ki Agend Pengging was awarded to rule in Jepara and Ki Ageng Pemanahan was awarded to rule in Mataram. Ki Ageng Pemanahan died in 1575 and his land was inherited to his son, Sutawijaya or Ngabehi Loring Pasar. Sultan Pajang had given autonomy to Mataram with condition that annuly Matarm should bring tribute to Pajang.

Fortress construction was executed by Mataram as ordered by Sutawijaya. As he was busy with the construction, he forgot to go to Pajang and gave tribute. Sutawijaya was actually reluctant to obey Pajang but he still feared of Hadiwijaya. Ki Juru Martani asked Sutawijaya to make formal appearance to Pajang, but Sutawijara ignored it, he even ordered Mataram people to intercept people from Kedu and Bagelan brought tribute to Pajang. Sutawijae  accepted the tribute and letting them had party. Hearing this, Hadiwijaya was angry and sent Ki Wilamarta and Wuragil to call Sutawijaya and message Sutawijaya to stop drinking, stop the party and cut his hair. Sutawijaya answered the messenger to tell Sultan pajang that he loved eating and drinking and about order to cut his hair that his hair grows naturally, and he would make formal appearance at pajang. Hadiwijaya was upset, and got him an idea to attack Mataram. ON the other side, Raden Pabelan, the son of Mayang regent was caught in an adultry with a princess. He was punished dead and then thrown away to Semarang. Hearing this, Sutawijaya could not accept that his brother in law punished. Sutawijaya sent his troops to intercept Raden Pabelan.

Hadiwijaya was angry and decided to war. Mataram would be attacked by pajang in 1582. But Pajang troop led by Hadiwijaya was tailed by Sutawijaya and his troop. The troop then destroyed. Hadiwijaya passed away of an illness. Hadiwijaya had a son, Benowo from his harem, Trenggana daughter, and a daughter married by Demak regent.

As suggested by Sunan Kudus, Demak regent got the throne while Benowo became Jipang regent. Benowo felt that he was treated unfairly, that he asked Sutawijaya’s help to attack Demak regent to gain Pajang throne. Sutawijaya agreed and they agreement was giving the right  of Benowo to Sutawijaya. Finally Demak regent could be defeated and returned to Demak. Pajang was in power vacuum, Sutawijaya could not stay in pajang as he had his own palace in Mataram.

At last pajang was left and abandoned, Benowo became the ministerial of Sutawijaya. Sutawijaya became the sultan of Mataram. Mataram was free and became independent in 1586 with title Senopti Ing alaga Saidin Panatagama or popular as Penembahan Senopati. That was the end of pajang and Mataram Istam began.

De Ruyter ship sank in Java sea, on 27 February 1942. And on 27 February 2012, for the first time after 70 years the ceremonial event was held on the spot where the the ship submerged on 27 February 1942. The location is 60 km from Bawean Island coast line, geographically on 06 º00′ SW/112º EL.

Exclusive Photos from De Ruyter Commemoration 27 February 2012

no images were found

Demak is a region given by Brawijaya, notably in Glagah Wangi. This region evolved abd formed a strong power. Sunan or Saints favored the development of Demak Bintoro. raden patah or Jin Bun was the son of Brawijaya, Majapahit king. Demak was a harbor city in Java so it flourished to be a trade city and the center of Islam in Java. Demak used this opportunity to release from Majapahit. After Majapahit fell, Demak became Islam kingdom led by Raden Patah or Sultan Alam Akbar Al-Fatah, or Senopati Jimbun Ngabdurrahman Panembahan palembang Sayidin Panatagama. As suggested by Sunan Ampel, he became kign od Demak. Sunan Ampel was the teacher of Raden Patah one of prominent member of Walisongo.

Demak attacked Majapahit was initiated by the puwer of Majapahit under Girindrawardhana who had no right of the throne. Raden Patah had the right more than him as he was the son of Brawijaya. Raden Patah gathered power and attacked Majapahit and ruled over Majapahit. But in 1478, Majapahit was not burned down and destroyed. Demak kingdom was free and independence. Majapahit became a subordinate region of Demak and evolved. Economically, Demak was a maritime kingdom. Demak location was strategic that made Demak flourished quickly. Demak location was on coastal and it has fertile farms with lush teak forest.

Since 1509, Adipati Unus, son of Raden Patah was prepared to attack Malaka. But in 1511 Portugese did that earlier. Still, Adipati Unus did not cancel his will, and in 1512 Demak sent fleet to Malaka. Landed at Malaka coast, the fleet was attacked by Portuguese cannon favored by Sultan Mahmud son in law, Sultan Abdullah, king from Kampar.  The second assault was in 1521 by Pangeran Sabrang Lor or Adipati Unus but it failed again.

In 1521 Adipati Unus died suddenly, and caused Demak falter for who would be the predecessor of Raden patah if Adipati Unus died. According to serat Kanda, Raden Patah had 4 sons. Adipati Unus and Trenggana were his children with his second wife,  Kanduruhan was from his second wife and from third wife was Kikin. Raden Kanduruhan was older than Trenggana that triggered brothers war. Seeing this situation, Girindrawardhana gave opportunity to Majapahit to be the authority. But Sultan Trenggana sent Sunan Gunung Jati to attack Majapahit in 1527. Girindrawardhana dies and there was no more Majapahit and varnished in the end.

Demak Civil war was initially caused by the seath of the oldest son of Raden patah, Adipati Unus, the royal prince. The throne became bone of contention among Raden Patah’s sons. The rivalry was very fierce between Sultan Trenggana and Pangeran Seda Lepen (Kikin). Finally, Demak was led by Trenggana and ordered his son Prawoto to kill Seda Lepen. In Sultan Trenggana’s period (152101546), Demak was in its glorious day and they overtook West Java and East Java. Demak built fortress on the western region, in Cirebon. Sultan Cirebon later detached his kingdom from Demak and became Pajang sultanate.

Sultan Trenggana had two sons and four daughters. The first daughter married to Pangeran Langgar, the second was son, Sunan Prawoto, the third child was a daughter married to Kalinyamat, the fourth child was a daughter married to prince from Cirebon, and the fifth child was a daughter married to Jaka Tingkir and the last son was Pangeran Timur.

Aryo Penangsang was instigated to take revenge for his father death Raden Kikin  or Pangeran Sedo Lepen. Arya Penangsang killed Sunan Parwoto, overtook Demak throne. IN 1546 after the death of Sultan Trenggana died in sudden, his son Sunan Prawoto went to throne and became the third king of Demak. Arya Penangsang then order his men to attack Demak when Demak fleet was not there, as the fleet was sent to eastern of Indonesia. With least effort, Arya Penangsang burned Demak down and only left mosque and chinese temple. Demak troop that was lost then escaped to Semarang, still Arya Penangsang men after them. Sunan Prawoto died in battle, but his death did not end the conflict. As later, Jaka Tingkir moved Demak to Pajang. Jaka Tingkir was the son of Ki Ageng Pengging, regent of Majapahit, located in Surakarta.

In babad tanah jawi or java chronicle, Arya Penangsang killed Sunan Prawoto and Pangeran Kalinyamat, and only Jaka Tingkir left alive. Kalinyamat death made widow of Kalinyamat to make contest that whoever could kill Arya Penangsang would be awarded with her wealth and became her husband. Jaka Tingkir assisted by Ki Ageng Panjawi and Ki Ageng Pemanahan could kill Arya Penangsang. Ki Ageng Panjawi was awarded with Pati region and Ki Ageng Pemanahan was awarded with Mataram region.

Jin Bun dynasty ended in 1546, only for 68 years. And later Pajang sultanate established on the west of current Surakarta city. The civil war ended Demak sultanate in Java. Jaka Tingkir moved Demak to Pajang.